Electrical failure behaviors of semiconductor oxide nanowires

Electrical failure studies on semiconductor oxide nanowires (NWs) were performed in situ inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM). A high driven current leads to a sudden fracture of the SnO(2) NW and creates ultra-sharp and high aspect ratio tips at the broken ends, which provides a simple and reliable way for in situ nanoprobe fabrication. As a comparison, the TiO(2) NW fails due to Joule-heating-induced melting and retracts back into a nanosphere. The distinct behaviors are rooted in the different bonding nature. The strong ionic bonding between titanium and oxygen ions preserves the stoichiometry, while the covalently bonded SnO(2) NW decomposes before melting. The decomposition process is observed by resistively heating an SnO(2)/TiO(2) core-shell structure. It has been demonstrated that the needle-like geometry greatly enhanced field emission properties of SnO(2) NWs.