中国海洋渔业经济效率时空分异研究

基于中国海洋资源日益衰退现状，以海洋捕捞总产量作为海洋渔业资源衡量指标，从时空两个维度结合三阶段DEA模型，对2004—2015年沿海11省市区的海洋渔业经济效率进行分析。结果表明：1）在三阶段DEA模型的分析运用中，第二阶段利用SFA方法剔除环境因素和随机误差影响后，部分地区的效率值增幅较大，凸显三阶段模型在资源效率评价上的优势；2）从环境因素和随机因素调整前后来看，大多省市区处于规模递增阶段，少部分处于规模不变或递减阶段，其中浙江、福建、广东、广西的综合效率在第三阶段有很大提高；3）在空间格局上，渔业经济效率高、中等和较低的地区分布较分散，效率水平地区差异明显，到“十二五”期间，效率中等的区域呈现空间集聚的态势，同一效率等级的指数差距逐渐缩小；4）“十二五”与“十一五”比较，渔业经济效率呈现省际层面不断发生分化和翻转，相对差异不断扩大的特征。“十三五”开局以来，尽管海洋渔业经济发展迅速，但资源环境承载能力已接近或达到极限，实现“十三五”海洋渔业规划的控制捕捞量、控制渔船数等战略目标面临巨大挑战。提高海洋渔业经济效率对实现海洋渔业资源可持续利用具有重大而深远的意义。

SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DIFFERENTIATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CHINA'S MARINE FISHING

This paper, based on the declining marine resource in China, uses total marine fishing yield as one index marking marine fishing resource and temporal-spatial three-phased DEA model to analyze the economic efficiency of 11 Chinese coastal provinces’ marine fishing during 2004 to 2015. Among the three-phased DEA model application, the second phase Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) with removing influence of environmental and random errors show increment in economic efficiency in partially areas shows the advantages of DEA model in resource efficiency evaluation. From environmental and random factors, fishing economic efficiency is at largely increasing state in most provinces, less leaving unchanged or decreasing, especially in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi largely increased at the third phase. Spatially, areas with high, middle and low fishing economic efficiency area scattering with outstanding efficiency level. The middle efficiency area will show a spatial concentrating trend during “the 12th-Five-Year-Plan”, index at same efficiency level is diminishing gap. Compared with “11th-Five-Year-Plan”,fishing economic efficiency is differentiating and turning over provincially during “the12th-Five-Year-Plan”. Since the beginning of “13th-Five-Year-Plan”, marine fishing economy develops fast, close to or reaching up to the limit of resource environmental carrying capacity, challenging in controlling fishing yield and boats. It is of significance of increasing marine fishing economic efficiency to sustaining marine fishing resources.