非原生地黑苦荞茎叶提取物降血糖作用及功效成分变化

研究原生于甘洛县的黑苦荞种籽在原生地和非原生地种植后,分别采收开花前的茎叶,测定茎叶总黄酮、膳食纤维的含量,再比较60%乙醇提取物的功效成分和降血糖功能,探讨非原生地茎叶提取物的降血糖功能及其代替原生地资源的可行性。腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(180 mg/kg)建立小鼠糖尿病模型,将两种来源的提取物(1000 mg生药/kg、500 mg生药/kg)分别灌胃,阳性对照组给予中成药的糖尿乐(300 mg/kg),连续12 d灌胃,测定处理前后的空腹血糖值,每4 d称重一次。结果表明,灌胃两种来源的黑苦荞茎叶提取物均能明显抑制高血糖小鼠体重的降低,对其高血糖有显著的降低作用,并可增强其葡萄糖耐受量。两种来源黑苦荞茎叶的膳食纤维含量差异显著,总黄酮含量差异也显著,其中,除芦丁的差异显著外,槲皮素和D-手性肌醇的差异不显著。两种来源黑苦荞茎叶经乙醇提取后,提取物的总黄酮和D-手性肌醇,芦丁、槲皮素的差异均不显著,动物试验表明两种提取物都有降血糖功能,所以,非原生地黑苦荞茎叶可代替原生地的,用于开发降血糖的功能产品。

Hypoglycemic Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Non-indigenous Black Buckwheat Stems and Leaves in Mice and Changes to Functional Components

Black buckwheat native to Ganluo was grown in native and non-native areas in this study, and the stems and leaves were collected before flowering. The contents of total flavones and dietary fiber in the stems and leaves were determined, the functional components and hypoglycemic effects of 60% ethanol extracts of black buckwheat stems and leaves (SLEE) were compared, and the feasibility of replacing the native black buckwheat with non-native plants was explored. A mouse model of diabetes was established by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (180 mg/kg), and the extracts from two sources (1000 mg crude drug/kg and 500 mg crude drug/kg) were given to the mice by gavage. The positive control group was given the Chinese patented medicine tangniaole (300 mg/kg) for 12 d by gavage. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured before and after treatment, and body weight was measured once every 4 d. The results showed that both SLEE extracts could significantly reduce body weight loss in the hyperglycemic mice, exhibit a strong hyperglycemic effect, and improve glucose tolerance. Comparing black buckwheat stems and leaves from the two sources, significant differences were found in the contents of dietary fiber, total flavone, and rutin content; the contents of D-chiral inositol and quercetin did not show significant differences. For the two SLEEs, the contents of total flavone, D-chiral inositol, rutin, and quercetin showed no significant differences. The animal tests indicated that both SLEEs had a hypoglycemic effect, so the non-native black buckwheat stems and leaves could replace those grown in the native region for the development of functional products with hypoglycemic properties.