天冬种子油营养成分分析及镇静催眠作用观察

目的：研究天冬种子油的理化性质和营养成分含量，观察天冬种子油对小鼠的镇静催眠作用，并评价其急性毒性。方法：采用中国油脂标准方法测定天冬种子油基本营养成分和理化性质；气相色谱-质谱联用法分析不皂化物成分；原子吸收分光光度计（atomic absorption spectrometry，AAS）法检测矿质元素含量；以KM种小鼠为受试动物，研究天冬种子的镇静催眠作用，并考察其急性毒性。结果：天冬种子油水分含量为1.87 g/100 g、灰分含量为0.15 g/100 g、粗脂肪含量为96.6 g/100 g、VE含量为405.55 μg/g；不皂化物主要为烷烃类化合物（17%）和甾醇类化合物（41.8%）；天冬种子油中含量较高的矿质元素有钠（297.92 μg/g）、镁（216.88 μg/g）、钙（145 μg/g）；天冬种子油4.65 g/kg和2.33 g/kg剂量组对小鼠自主活动有明显抑制作用，且能显著增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠只数；一次性灌胃最大给药量40 mL/kg（37.24 g/kg），连续观察14 d，未见死亡或体质量、活动等异常。结论：天冬种子油含有丰富的营养成分，具有安神镇静的作用，并且安全性较高。

Nutritional Composition Analysis of Radix Asparagi Seed Oil and Its Sedative and Hypnotic Effects

Objective: The aims of this study were to research the physico-chemical properties and nutrient contents of
Radix Asparagi seed oil, to observe the sedative-hypnotic effects in mice and to evaluate its acute toxicity. Methods: The
physicochemical properties of Radix Asparagi seed oil were determined according to the Chinese national standard method. Its
unsaponifiable matters were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The contents of mineral elements
were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). KM mice were used to evaluate its acute toxicity and to
observe its effects on spontaneous motion and synergism with pentobarbital sodium at a subliminal dose in mice. Results:
The contents of moisture, ash, crude fat and vitamin E of the seed oil were determined to be 1.87 g/100 g, 0.15 g/100 g,
96.6 g/100 g and 405.55 μg/g, respectively. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that the unsaponifiable matters mainly
contained sterol compounds (41.8%) and hydrocarbon compound (17%), etc. A variety of minerals were detected, with
sodium, magnesium and calcium being dominant at levels of 297.92, 216.88 and 145 μg/g, respectively. When administered
at doses of 4.65 and 2.33 g/kg, the oil had obvious inhibitory effect on spontaneous motion in mice, and greatly increased the
number of sleeping mice induced by pentobarbital sodium at subliminal dose. During the 14-day observation period after a
maximum single dose of the seed oil, no mice died and no abnormality in body weight or motion was observed. Conclusion:
Radix Asparagi seed oil is rich in nutrients, has the sedative-hypnotic effect and is of high safety.