中国出口欧盟食品安全形势研究:基于食品和饲料快速预警体系的实证分析

出口食品安全关乎中国产品质量的世界声誉,也是影响中国食品产业国际化的重要因素。以欧盟食品和饲料快速预警体系(rapid alert system for food and feed,RASFF)的数据库数据为基础,对2008—2012年5年间涉及中国食品安全问题的2 409起通报进行分析。研究发现:作为欧盟食品的重要供给国,中国食品占RASFF通报数量的比例也非常高,2008—2012年,中国食品在全部被通报数量的比例达到14.47%;从通报中国食品的国别看,意大利、德国和英国位列前3名;从被通报的食品类别看,食物接触材料、坚果及种子类和谷类、烘焙食品类位居前列;从食品风险因素看,有害物质迁移、霉菌毒素、重金属迁移等是中国出口欧盟食品安全的主要风险源。

RASFF-Based Empirical Analysis of the Safety of Chinese Food Products Exported to the European Union

The safety of Chinese exported food products plays a significant role in establishing a positive world-wide
reputation of products made in China, and it is also critical for Chinese food products to enter the international market
place. Based on the rapid alert system for food and feed (RASFF) database, an exchange information tool on risk measures
related to food and feed controls, this paper analyzes 2 409 notifications on Chinese exported food products for food safety
issues between 2008 and 2012 in terms of notifications types, notification classifications, notification bases, EU member
states, product categories, product origins and hazard categories. The number of notifications on food products from China
accounts for a high proportion of the total number of notifications (14.47%). Border rejection accounts for the largest
proportion among all types of notifications. Italy, Germany and UK are the top three member states that have made the most
notifications. The top three most notified product categories are food contact materials, nuts, nut products and seeds, and
cereals and bakery products. The major risks causing notifications are migration, mycotoxins and heavy metals. This paper
intends to present a general picture of the safety of Chinese food products exported to the European Union (EU) and provide
some suggestions to food safety researchers and administers.