Hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae: Influence of zeolites based catalyst on products |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, 271000, China;2. School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China;3. School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China;1. School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China;2. Sinosoft Company Limited, Beijing 100190, PR China;3. College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, PR China;1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China;2. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;3. Heibei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact (Preparatory), College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, PR China;1. Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China;3. School of Food, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China;4. Beijing Engineering Research Center for Biofuels, Beijing 100084, China;1. Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong district, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam;2. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong district, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam;3. Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong district, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam;1. Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China;2. Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA |
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| Abstract: | Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Ulva prolifera macroalgae (UP) was carried out in the presence of three zeolites based catalysts (ZSM-5, Y-Zeolite and Mordenite) with the different weight percentage (10–20 wt%) at 260–300 °C for 15–45 min. A comparison between non-catalytic and catalytic behavior of ZSM-5, Y-Zeolite, and Mordenite in the conversion of Ulva prolifera showed that is affected by properties of zeolites. Maximum bio-oil yield for non-catalytic liquefaction was 16.6 wt% at 280 °C for 15 min. The bio-oil yield increased to 29.3 wt% with ZSM-5 catalyst (15.0 wt%) at 280 °C. The chemical components and functional groups present in the bio-oils are identified by GC-MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and elemental analysis techniques. Higher heating value (HHV) of bio-oil (32.2–34.8 MJ/kg) obtained when catalyst was used compared to the non-catalytic reaction (21.2 MJ/kg). The higher de-oxygenation occurred in the case of ZSM-5 catalytic liquefaction reaction compared to the other catalyst such as Y-zeolite and mordenite. The maximum percentage of the aromatic proton was observed in bio-oil of ZSM-5 (29.7%) catalyzed reaction and minimum (1.4%) was observed in the non-catalyst reaction bio-oil. The use of zeolites catalyst during the liquefaction, the oxygen content in the bio-oil reduced to 17.7%. Aqueous phase analysis exposed that presence of valuables nutrients. |
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| Keywords: | Hydrothermal liquefaction Ulva prolifera macroalgae Zeolites catalysts Bio-oil |
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