煤矿开采对水资源的影响分析与防治对策研究

煤炭开采对水循环、水资源量及水环境影响较大。矿坑大量排水改变了地下水的运移规律，损害了矿区生态环境。在采煤过程中，最大限度地减小含水层结构破坏程度，控制地下水位下降幅度，是矿井建设面临的难题。以三交河煤矿煤炭开采为例，通过分析各煤层及其覆（伏）岩结构特征，计算导水裂隙带发育高度和采煤破坏的水资源量，认为上组煤开采对上覆含水岩组破坏较大，造成矿区水位超常下降，甚至疏干；下组煤开采对奥灰水影响较小。针对分析结果，提出了实施保水采煤以减少对覆岩含水层的破坏、加强对水资源的综合利用等应对措施。

Analysis of influences of coal mining on water resources and its control measures

Coal mining has a greater impact on water cycle，water resources and water environment. A large number of mine drainage has changed the migration rule of groundwater，endangered the ecological environment in mining area. In the mining process，it is difficult to reduce the damage degree of aquifer structure to the maximum and control the underground water level drop. Taking Sanjiaohe Coal Mine as an example，through analysing features of the coal seam and overlying （underlying） strata，the development height of water flowing fractured zone and the water resources destroyed by coal mining were calculated，it was considered that the upper group coal mining has a great damage to the overlying aquifer，which can cause the water level decline and even dry in the mining area；the lower group coal mining has a less impact on Ordovician limestone water. According to the results，some countermeasures were put forward，including the implementation of water-preserving mining to reduce the damage to the overlying aquifer and strengthening the comprehensive utilization of water resources.