Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Surfactants: Combination Products of Fatty Acids,Hydroxycarboxylic Acids and Alcohols |
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Authors: | Hans-Josef Altenbach Rachid Ihizane Bernd Jakob Karsten Lange Manfred Schneider Zeynep Yilmaz Sukhendu Nandi |
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Affiliation: | 1.Organic Chemistry Department,Bergische Universit?t Wuppertal,Wuppertal,Germany |
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Abstract: | The reaction of hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as citric, malic and tartaric species with an excess of fatty acid chlorides
produces the corresponding O-acylated hydroxycarboxylic anhydrides in one step and in a near quantitative yield. These molecules are excellent electrophiles
which react readily with a variety of nucleophiles including alcohols, diols and polyols. Their reaction with triethylene
glycol and triethylene glycol monomethyl ether leads to two series of novel anionic surfactants, which are unsymmetrical gemini
surfactants. The determination of their properties (CMC, foaming, HLB) revealed that these molecules are—depending on the
chain length of the fatty acid—excellent emulsifiers, and that they also display interesting antimicrobial activity. These
novel functional surfactants are of interest for applications in food and personal care products and for the formulation of
pharmaceuticals. |
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