轨道车辆车体磁流变弹性体吸振器的建模与仿真

以降低城市轨道交通车辆车体的垂向振动、提高乘客舒适度为目的，根据动力吸振器理论及磁流变弹性体刚度可调的特性，设计一种并联安装在车体底部的半主动式磁流变吸振器。为保证磁流变吸振器工作性能稳定，分析磁流变吸振器的磁路结构，利用多元回归分析法拟合励磁电流对磁流变弹性体工作区磁场强度的影响关系，提出励磁电流对磁场强度的控制算法。针对城轨车辆工况变化频繁、车体振动特性复杂的特点，建立对车体宽频振动适应性强的磁流变吸振器系统，研究其对车体垂向减振特性的影响，并利用Sperling指标验证了磁流变吸振器系统的减振能力。结果表明，所设计的磁流变吸振器结构紧凑且安全性高，对车下剩余空间的利用具有合理性；所建立的磁流变吸振器系统振动频带宽，可与车体始终处于谐振状态，使车辆的运行品质时刻保持在优级。论文的工作为利用磁流变弹性体的轨道车辆车体半主动式吸振器的应用提供了参考依据。

Modeling and Simulation of Vibration Absorber for the Carbody Utilizing Magnetorheological Elastomers

To reduce the vertical vibration of the urban rail vehicle body, according to the theory of dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) and the adjustable magneto-rheological elasticity, a semi-active magnetorheological vibration absorber which is installed in parallel at the bottom of carbody is designed. In order to ensure the stable performance of the magnetorheological vibration absorber, the magnetic circuit structure of the magnetorheological absorber is analysed. The control expression of the magnetic field strength of the magnetorheological elastomeric working area is emphasized by the multiple regression analysis method, and the excitation current on the magnetic field strength control algorithm is proposed. Aiming at the characteristics of urban rail vehicle working conditions which are changing frequently and the vibration characteristic of the vehicle body is complex, a magnetorheological vibration absorbers system with strong adaptability to wide-band vibration is established. The study analysed the influence of carbody vertical vibration characteristic made by magnetorheological absorbers system and verified the vibration reduction capability by sperling index. The results show that the design of the magnetorheological absorber has a compact structure and high security. The use of the remaining space under the vehicle is reasonable. The vibration band of the established magnetorheological vibration absorbers system is wide which is always in a state of resonance with the carbody and avoid the occurrence of failure effectively, so as to keep the running quality of the vehicle at the superior level at all times. The work provides a reference for the application of semi-active vibration absorber of track vehicle body with the magnetorheological elastomer.