纯电动汽车动力系统全生命周期节能减排绩效评价研究

采用全生命周期评价(LCA)方法,基于GaBi平台建立了某燃油车车型改进而来的纯电动汽车的动力系统的全生命周期环境影响评价模型,将动力系统分为动力电池、驱动电机、控制装置和减速器4个关键部件进行清单分析,分别从原材料获取、生产制造、运行使用和报废回收等生命周期4个阶段进行节能减排绩效评价计算。评价结果表明,在全生命周期的4个阶段内,原材料获取阶段的矿产和化石能源消耗最多、使用阶段的环境影响值最大,其中以全球变暖潜值(GWP)影响最为显著; 报废回收阶段则在矿产资源的消耗、化石能源的消耗以及环境排放方面均产生了一定正效益。基于分析结果,提出了当前应采用优化电网结构、加大动力系统零部件回收等措施来降低纯电动汽车对生态环境的影响。

Research on Life Cycle Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Performance Assessment of Power System for Pure Electric Vehicle

The LCA method was adopted to establish a full life cycle environmental impact assessment model for the power system of a pure electric vehicle based on the GaBi platform. The power system is divided into four key parts: power battery, driving motor, control device and reducer. The performance evaluation and calculation of energy conservation and emission reduction were carried out in the four stages of the life cycle, including raw material acquisition, production and manufacturing, operation and use, and scrap recovery, respectively.The evaluation results show that the mineral and energy consumption in the raw material acquisition phase is the largest, and the environmental impact value in the use phase is the largest, among which the global warming potential(GWP)impact is the most significant. Scrap recycling stage have produced some positive benefits. Finally, based on the analysis results, it was proposed to reduce the impact of pure electric vehicles on the ecological environment by optimizing the structure of China's power grid and increasing the recovery of parts and components of electric vehicle power systems.