燃料电池有轨电车能量管理策略多目标优化

为研究一类以质子交换膜燃料电池、超级电容和动力电池为动力源的混合动力有轨电车能量管理问题，首先介绍该类有轨电车的混合动力系统结构和工作特点，提出一种基于系统工作模式的逻辑门限式能量管理策略，工作模式的切换通过多个控制参数来实现。针对该能量管理策略中控制参数的不确定性，应用多目标遗传算法，将整车超级电容和动力电池的最小配置成本以及有轨电车运行的能耗、准时性、准地点停车作为优化目标，对影响列车动力性能的主要能量管理策略控制参数进行优化。以国内某规划线路为实例，在已通过实车试验数据验证的系统仿真模型中进行优化分析，优化结果表明，在保证列车动力性能的前提下，优化后列车的总牵引能耗减少了约12.5%，回收的再生制动能量增加了约14.5%，燃料电池的平均效率提高了约0.83%；同时通过优化得到了超级电容和动力电池的最小容量配置，为整车车载储能系统的冗余配置提供参考。

Multi-objective Optimization of Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Tram

In order to study the energy management problems of a tram based on fuel cell, ultracapacitor and battery, the hybrid powertrain system structure and operation characteristics of tram are introduced, then an energy management strategy based on system operation mode is proposed, and the switching of the operation mode is achieved through a number of control parameters. Due to the uncertainty of the control parameters in the energy management strategy based on system operation mode, the minimum configuration cost of ultracapacitor and battery, the energy consumption of tram operation, punctuality and precise positioning parking are taken as the optimization goals, the multi-objective genetic algorithm(GA) is applied to optimize the control parameters in the control strategy. Taking a domestic planning line as an example, the optimization analysis is carried out in the system simulation model which has been verified by test data of a real tram, optimization results show that the total traction energy of the optimized tram is reduced by about 12.5% without sacrificing tram dynamic performance, the recovered regenerative braking energy is increased by about 14.5%, and the average efficiency of the fuel cell is increased by about 0.83%. Meanwhile, the minimum configuration of the ultracapacitor pack and battery pack are obtained by optimization, which provides the reference for the redundant configuration of the energy storage system.