无黏性土堤漫顶溃决口门形态变化试验

堤防溃决发展过程及口门形态变化的正确描述是及时科学地对溃口进行封堵并对决口后洪水演进过程准确预测的重要依据.考虑到堤防漫顶溃决过程与溃决时河道水力条件、堤防型式、材料组成等因素有关,就外江河道存在水流流动的无黏性土堤溃决溃口的发展过程及口门形态的变化规律进行了水槽试验探索.研究结果发现,河道洪水位或内外江水位差是影响溃口展宽发展的最重要因素.河道洪水流量在堤防溃决初期对溃口的发展影响不大,但溃口的最终宽度和深度随洪水流量的增大而增大.对于试验中采用的无黏性土堤材料,颗粒越粗,漫顶溃决初期溃口发展越快,稳定后的溃口最终宽度却越小.另外,试验还给出了无黏性土堤漫顶溃决溃口的最终形态,如内外江侧溃口宽度比、溃口顶部与底部宽度比以及溃口深度与宽度比等.

Experimental study of overflow erosion of non-cohesive embankment

A reasonable understanding of embankment erosion process is important for both embankment breaching and forecast of flood process downstream when an embankment fails.Considering that overtopping breaching of non-cohesive embankment is affected by bank materials,discharge and water level in the river,this paper has tentatively explored the law of breach development based on flume experiment.It is found that the water level in the river is the most important factor affecting erosion process.The effect of floo...