城市低收入人群日常活动时空集聚现象及因素——广州案例

城市规划者需要关注的不仅仅是空间结构本身的问题,更需要关注空间提供的服务和满足人的活动需求以及需求的公平性问题。居民日常活动时空关系研究为城市空间研究提供了新的视角。本文以广州市为案例,研究居民日常活动的时空关系,发现低收入人群存在明显的日常活动时空集聚现象,考虑在家因素的全天活动地主要集聚在老城中心区和新中心区外围,而排除在家的家外活动空间则与居住地关系密切,且活动范围较小。同时,低收入人群内部也存在一定的分化,围绕传统老城中心住区、传统工人新村、城中村和保障性住区等几类居住空间形成了低收入人群时空集聚区。影响低收入人群活动时空集聚的主要因素包括:城市社会空间格局、个人能力、时空可达性等。此外,不同低收入人群面临不同类型的时空排斥问题,需要在城市规划中分别加以考虑。

SPATIO-TEMPORAL AGGLOMERATION OF LOW-INCOME PEOPLE'S DAILY ACTIVITIES AND RELATED FACTORS:A CASE STUDY OF GUANGZHOU

It is necessary for urban planners to focus not only on the spatial structure itself, but also on the services provided by space and the needs of human activities, especially the fairness of demand. The research on the temporal and spatial relationship of residents' daily activities provides a new perspective for the study of urban space. Taking Guangzhou city as an example, this paper studies the spatio-temporal relationships of residents' daily activities. The results show that low-income groups have obvious spatial agglomeration in daily activities, indicating the activities of all-day-long at-home factors mainly gathered at the old city center and the peripheral area of the new center, and the out-of-home activities are closely related to their residential areas and in a comparatively small activity scale. Meanwhile, there are some differentiations among the low-income group. The spatio-temporal agglomeration areas of low-income people were formed around the traditional old city center, the traditional workers' new village, the urban village and the aff ordable housing residential area. The primary factors affecting the spatio-temporal agglomeration of low-income groups include urban social spatial pattern, personal capacity, temporal and spatial accessibility, etc. In addition, different low-income groups are facing with different types of spatial and temporal exclusion problems, which need to be considered separately in urban planning.