日本地震砂土液化破坏案例及抗液化处置措施

砂土液化是地震灾害的主要形式之一。在振动作用下，饱和的松散粉、细砂土中孔隙水压力急剧增大，当有效应力降为零时砂土颗粒处于悬浮状态，即发生砂土液化。砂土液化可引起地基强度丧失，从而加重建筑物破坏程度，使重要运输生命线瘫痪，造成巨大经济损失和人员伤亡。本文梳理了砂土液化的历史文献记录，阐述了砂土液化产生的机制，概述了砂土液化造成的各种破坏，并介绍了日本判别砂土液化的最新方法、抗液化处置措施及一些成功案例，以期为砂土液化研究及抗液化处置措施的改进提供有益参考。

Damage Cases Induced by Liquefaction of Sandy Soils and Anti-Liquefaction Measures in Japan

Liquefaction of sandy soils is one type of main disasters triggered by earthquakes. The mechanism of liquefaction is that the pore water pressure in saturated silts and fine sands with a medium and low density increases sharply under the action of vibration. When the effective stress drops to zero, soil particles are suspended in water, and the silt or sand is liquefied. The liquefaction of sandy soils can cause the loss of foundation strength, which aggravates the damage of buildings, disables important lifeline facilities, and thus causes huge economic losses and casualties. This paper summarizes the historical records of liquefaction, its mechanism, and the damages caused by liquefaction of sandy soils, and introduces the evaluation method of liquefaction potential of sandy soils in Japan, and mitigation measures for liquefaction and their successful examples, hoping to provide useful reference for the research of liquefaction and the selection of liquefaction mitigation measures .