固体氧化物电池氧离子电解质研究进展

固体氧化物电池(SOCs)作为一种绿色、高效的全固态能量转换装置,既能在燃料电池模式下将氢、碳、烃、醇等燃料的化学能转化为电能,又能在电解池模式下分解水制氢,在缓解全球能源危机、实现碳中和等方面具有重要意义。然而,SOCs常用的Y₂O₃稳定的ZrO₂(YSZ)电解质材料在1 000 ℃以上才具有较高的离子电导率,但过高的工作温度会提高运行成本,限制材料选择,并降低系统稳定性。因此,降低工作温度一直是SOCs发展的核心问题之一,开发高电导率电解质材料和降低电解质膜厚度是实现SOCs中低温化应用的主要路径。本文从材料开发和薄膜制造两方面对中低温SOCs各类氧离子电解质的研究进展进行梳理,针对ZrO₂、CeO₂、Bi₂O₃及LaGaO₃基固体电解质,系统阐述了异价离子掺杂对提升氧离子电导率和稳定相结构的作用机制,介绍了电解质薄膜的制备技术和导电性能,为发展高性能固体氧化物电池电解质材料提供参考依据。

Research Progress of Oxygen Ion Electrolyte for Solid Oxide Cells

As a green and efficient all-solid-state energy conversion device, solid oxide cells (SOCs) can convert the chemical energy of hydrogen, carbon, hydrocarbons, alcohols or other fuels into electrical energy in the mode of fuel cells, and produce hydrogen via water splitting in the mode of electrolytic cells. It has great significance in alleviating the global energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality. However, Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ (YSZ), the conventional electrolyte material of SOCs, shows a high ionic conductivity above 1 000 ℃. The working temperature is so high that many challenges need to be dealt with, such as high operating costs, limited material choice, and low system stability. Therefore, reducing operating temperature has always been a key issue for the development of SOCs, which can be realized by developing high conductivity electrolyte materials and reducing the thickness of electrolyte film. This paper makes a comprehensive review on the research progress of various oxygen ionic electrolyte materials for intermediate and low temperature SOCs in terms of material development and thin film fabrication. As far as ZrO₂, CeO₂, Bi₂O₃ and LaGaO₃ based solid electrolytes are concerned, the influence mechanism of heterovalent ion doping on the increase of oxygen ion conductivity and the stability of phase structure is illustrated, and the manufacturing techniques and ionic conductive properties of the electrolyte membranes is summarized. Accordingly, this paper can serve as a reference for the development of high-performance electrolyte materials for solid oxide cells.