新型电力系统灵活性资源聚合两阶段调度优化模型

构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统是实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的关键驱动力。传统的以可控煤电装机为主导的电源结构，转变为以强不确定性、弱可控的新能源为主体的新型电力系统，将面临着灵活性资源短缺等挑战。以提升新型电力系统灵活性为导向，提出了灵活性资源聚合两阶段调度优化模型。第一阶段模型考虑分时价格型需求响应，以净负荷波动最小为目标平滑负荷曲线；第二阶段模型考虑分段激励型需求响应市场交易机制，融合电化学储能、抽水蓄能、改造火电等灵活性资源，以系统运行成本最小为目标设计最优运行方案。最后，算例结果和场景对比表明，需求响应能够充分挖掘负荷跟随系统调节的互动能力；改造后火电机组能够降低煤耗水平，提高调节能力，加强与系统灵活性需求时空匹配；各类储能积极响应电力系统调峰，促进了新能源消纳。

Two-Stage Scheduling Optimization Model of Flexible Resource Aggregation in New Power System

The construction of the new power system dominated by new energy is a key driver to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The traditional power supply structure dominated by controllable coal-fired power installations is transformed into a new power system dominated by new energy with strong uncertainty and weak controllability, which will face challenges such as shortage of flexibility resources. In order to improve the flexibility of the new power system, a two-stage scheduling optimization model of flexible resource aggregation is proposed in this paper. The first stage model considers time-of-price demand response, and takes the minimum net load fluctuation as the goal to smooth the load curve. The second stage model considers segmented incentive-based demand-response market trading mechanism, integrates flexibility resources such as electrochemical energy storage, pumped storage, and reformed thermal power, and designs the optimal operation scheme with the objective of minimizing system operation cost. Finally, the calculation result and scenario comparison show that demand response can fully exploit the interactive ability of load following system regulation. The reformed thermal power units can reduce coal consumption level, improve regulation ability, and enhance the spatial and temporal matching with system flexibility demand. Various types of energy storage actively respond to the power system peak regulation. Taking pumped storage power station as an example, the reservoir storage capacity presents the shape of "double peaks and double valleys" in the dispatching cycle.