Experimental Evaluation of Trilateration-Based Outdoor Localization with LoRaWAN |
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Authors: | Saeed Ahmed Magsi Mohd Haris Bin Md Khir Illani Bt Mohd Nawi Muath Al Hasan Zaka Ullah Fasih Ullah Khan Abdul Saboor Muhammad Aadil Siddiqui |
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Affiliation: | 1.Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia2 Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering, and Management Sciences, Quetta, 37500, Pakistan3 College of Engineering, Al Ain University, Al Ain, 64141, United Arab Emirates4 Department of Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan5 High Performance Cloud Computing Centre (HPC3), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia |
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Abstract: | Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain has been the subject of interest for researchers. There is an increasing demand to localize these IoT devices using LoRaWAN due to the quickly growing number of IoT devices. LoRaWAN is well suited to support localization applications in IoTs due to its low power consumption and long range. Multiple approaches have been proposed to solve the localization problem using LoRaWAN. The Expected Signal Power (ESP) based trilateration algorithm has the significant potential for localization because ESP can identify the signal’s energy below the noise floor with no additional hardware requirements and ease of implementation. This research article offers the technical evaluation of the trilateration technique, its efficiency, and its limitations for the localization using LoRa ESP in a large outdoor populated campus environment. Additionally, experimental evaluations are conducted to determine the effects of frequency hopping, outlier removal, and increasing the number of gateways on localization accuracy. Results obtained from the experiment show the importance of calculating the path loss exponent for every frequency to circumvent the high localization error because of the frequency hopping, thus improving the localization performance without the need of using only a single frequency. |
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Keywords: | LoRaWAN localization expected signal power (ESP) path loss exponent (PLE) trilateration |
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