质子交换膜燃料电池研究现状及发展

质子交换膜燃料电池是一种高效清洁的发电技术,具有反应动力学快、启动温度低等特点。目前质子交换膜燃料电池技术发展迅速,有望得到广泛推广和普及。本文从质子交换膜燃料电池核心组件出发,对近年来质子交换膜燃料电池的发展进行了简要概述。从材料出发,对核心组件进行分类,详细介绍了质子交换膜、催化剂以及气体扩散层的研究现状和技术特点,综述了各组件的研究方法、改进方法以及研究进展,展望了质子交换膜燃料电池的研究方向和未来发展趋势。基于高温环境下的各种优势,具有短侧链、低当量的且适用于高温低湿环境的质子交换膜仍将是重点研究对象。质子交换膜燃料电池将进一步向低Pt甚至无Pt方向发展,同时未来将实现无增湿条件下的水平衡。

Research Status and Development of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an efficient and clean power generation technology with the characteristics of fast reaction kinetics and low start-up temperature. The current rapidly development of PEMFC technology is expected to be widely popularized. A brief overview of the development of PEMFC was given in recent years, starting from the core components of PEMFC. The core components were classified from the perspective of key materials. The research status and technical features of proton exchange membranes (PEM), catalysts and gas diffusion layers (GDL) were introduced in detail. The research methods, improvement methods and progress of each component were summarized, and the research direction and development trend of PEMFC were prospected. Based on various advantages in high temperature environments, PEM with short side chains and low equivalent weight values will continue to be the focus of research under high temperature and low humidity environments. PEMFC will further develop towards the situation of low Pt or even no Pt, and achieve water balance under humidification-free.