地质聚合物固定重金属离子的研究进展

地质聚合物作为一种新型铝硅酸盐绿色材料,具有机械性能优异、耐久性高、原料来源广、能源消耗小和生产工艺简单等优点,被广泛应用在建筑材料、耐火材料和固定重金属离子等领域。地质聚合物固定重金属离子的机制可分为物理机制(物理包封和离子交换)和化学机制(化学键合、形成化合物和还原剂耦合)。本文综述了近年来地质聚合物在固定重金属离子领域的研究进展,简要介绍了地质聚合物的制备流程及地质聚合反应过程,重点介绍了地质聚合物固定重金属离子的机制。此外,介绍了添加剂种类和掺量、碱激发剂种类和掺量、硅铝比、养护温度和重金属离子对固定效果的影响。最后,总结了近年来地质聚合物固定重金属离子领域的研究应用进展,分析了存在的问题并对未来研究方向进行了展望。

Research Progress on Heavy Metal Ions Immobilized by Geopolymers

As a new aluminosilicate green material, geopolymers have the advantages of excellent mechanical properties, high durability, wide source of raw materials, low energy consumption and simple production process, etc. Geopolymers are widely used in the fields of construction materials, refractory materials and immobilization of heavy metal ions, etc. The mechanisms of immobilization of heavy metal ions are divided into physical mechanism (physical encapsulation and ion exchange) and chemical mechanism (chemical bonding, compound formation and reducing agent coupling). The recent research progress of geopolymers in the field of immobilization of heavy metal ions was reviewed, the preparation process of geopolymers and the process of geopolymerization reaction were briefly introduced, and the mechanism of immobilization of heavy metal ions by geopolymers was highlighted. In addition, the effects of additive types and content, alkali exciter types and content, silicon to aluminum ratio, curing temperature and heavy metal ions on immobilization effect were presented. Finally, the study and application progress on heavy metal ions immobilized by geopolymers in recent years were summarized, the problems were analyzed, and the future research directions were prospected.