二氧化硅气凝胶纳米网络骨架强化方法研究进展

二氧化硅气凝胶是一种具有高孔隙率、高比表面积、低热导率等诸多优异特性的纳米多孔材料,在航天、化工、建筑等众多领域有着广阔的应用前景。但是,二氧化硅气凝胶的网络骨架存在本征陶瓷脆性,限制了其实际应用。本文从气凝胶纳米颗粒颈部强化设计角度出发,介绍了液相强化法和气相强化法两类网络骨架强化策略的研究进展,并对以上两种强化策略的增强机理进行了阐释,最后对二氧化硅气凝胶网络骨架强化技术的发展方向提出了展望。

Research Progress on Nanoscale Network Reinforcement Methods of Silica Aerogels

Silica aerogel is a kind of nanoporous material with many excellent properties such as high porosity, high specific surface area and low thermal conductivity. It has a wide application prospect in aerospace, chemical, construction and many other fields. However, its intrinsic ceramic brittle structure greatly limits its practical application. For the perspective of strengthening the neck zone of silica aerogel nanoparticles, this review focuses on the research progress of nanoscale network reinforcement methods of silica aerogels by categorizing them as liquid phase and gas phase reinforcement, and explains the enhancement mechanism in these two methods. Finally, the future development direction of nanoscale network reinforcement technology of silica aerogel is prospected.