Malaria--biological aspects of an infectious disease of importance to humans

Malaria is the most prevalent parasite-transmitted infectious disease in humans, with 300-500 million people infected and 3-5 million persons dying from the disease each year [1]. There is, however, surprisingly little knowledge of the parasite's biology and its evolutionary adaptations to cope with a life as an intracellular parasite within its vertebrate host. This article gives an overview of the parasite's developmental cycle and highlights aspects of the immune response in infected humans and the parasite's mechanisms of immune evasion. In addition, special features of the life cycle of the parasite are presented, especially the invasion process of merozoites into red blood cells. Putative mechanisms of drug action of synthetic antimalaria drugs are discussed as well as hypotheses explaining the development of drug resistance in a variety of parasite strains.