基于景观格局的承德市武烈河流域生态安全分析

人类的经济开发活动主要是在景观层次上进行,景观也是区域生态环境管理的基础单元之一,采用景观方法研究生态安全,可揭示不同景观类型间的迁移转化特征并进一步识别区域生态环境的变化趋势及其内在因素,对区域生态建设和资源开发具有指导意义。基于GIS技术支持以1980年和2000年遥感影像为基本信息源,在承德市武烈河流域景观格局分析的基础上,采用破碎度、分离度、优势度等景观格局指数和景观类型脆弱度为评价指标研究流域景观生态安全。与1980年相比,2000年武烈河流域景观的破碎化程度加剧,景观优势度下降,多样性和斑块分维数增大。1980年-2000年研究区除了耕地以外,其他景观类型的干扰程度均有所增加。总体来说,20年来研究区整体景观生态安全度呈现上升趋势。

Ecological Security Analysis of Wetlands in Wulie River Basin of Chengde City Based on the Landscape Pattern

The economic development is mainly conducted on the landscape level,which is also one of basic units of the region ecological environment management.The study on the ecological security using the landscape ecology can reveal the characteristics of migration and transformation between different landscape types and identify the variation tendency and its intrinsic factors for the regional ecological environment,which can provide the instructive significance for the regional ecological construction and resource development.According to the remote sensing image data of the Wulie River Basin in 1980 and 2000,the ecological security of the Wulie River Basin was studied based on the analysis of the landscape pattern of the Wulie River Basin under the support of GIS.The landscape pattern indexes,such as the degrees of fragmentation,isolation,and dominance,and the vulnerability of landscape types were used for the analysis.The degree of fragmentation in the Wulie River Basin intensified while the degree of landscape dominance decreased in 2000 compared to those in 1980.Additionally,the diversity and patch fractal dimension of the landscape increased in 2000.From 1980 to 2000,the disturbance on the woodland,lawn,water filed,residence,industry,transportation fields,and unused fields increased as well as the irrigation land.On the whole,the landscape ecological security of the study area has increased in the past 20 years.