平原河网区灌区创新管理模式研究

平原河网区水系纵横交错,河道水流平缓,农田灌溉用水粗放,排水量大,用水效率低下,面源污染严重,灌区长效管理是实施最严格水资源管理制度"三条红线"的重要环节。分析平原河网区灌区特征和存在问题,结合目前农村土地流转工作的开展情况,建立灌区"土地流转+节水控排灌溉"的创新管理模式,改变平原河网区灌区规模小、灌溉田块分散的状况,形成农田规模化种植经营、统一集中灌溉的形式。一方面促进土地集约化和灌区规模化,增加农村效益和农民收入;另一方面提高灌区灌溉效率,减少灌溉排水量,降低进入水体的氮、磷排放量。有效保障灌区的长效管理和运行,提高农业用水效率和效益,改善农村水环境质量。

Research on the Innovation Management Mode in the Irrigation Area of Plain River Network

There are lots of crisscross rivers and lakes in the plain river network areas.The water in the rivers usually flows gently.The agricultural irrigation water use is in an extensive mode,and it has a large displacement and low water use efficiency.Moreover,the non-point pollution is serious in the area.The long-term effective management in the irrigation area is the key of the implementation of the strictest system of water resources management(Three Red Lines).Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the irrigation area and the existing problems in the plain river network and the current development of the rural land circulation,an innovative management mode combining the land circulation and the water conservation and control of drainage and irrigation is developed for the irrigation area.This mode can change the current situation of the small scale of irrigation area in the plain river network and the dispersion of the farmland.Moreover,this mode can help form a style of the scale planting operation and centralized irrigation.On one hand,the rural benefits and the incomes of farmers increase with the promotion of land intensification and the scale operation of the irrigation area;on the other hand,the irrigation efficiency increases and the irrigation displacement decreases and then the corresponding decreasing of nitrogen and phosphorus into the water.Consequently,the innovation mode can ensure the long term management and operation of the irrigation area,increase the efficiency of agricultural water use,and improve the water quality in the rural areas.