北京市农村污水处理方法及效果

为研究农村污水特点,针对性选择处理工艺,对北京市通州、房山、昌平、怀柔、密云等5个区县的4种类型村庄的污水结构、用水量、污水排放量、污染物浓度进行调查研究,同时对6种污水处理工艺进行污染物去除率、建设运行费用、占地面积进行调查研究。结果显示:京郊农村污水主要由厨房污水、生活洗涤污水、冲厕污水、养殖污水组成;污水排放规律为夏季大、冬季小,污水污染物种类多,城乡结合部村水质最差,山区村水质最好。综合分析表明,MBR、MBR+土地渗滤、A/O+土地处理系统工艺适宜在平原地区经济条件较好的村庄及城乡结合部村庄使用;人工湿地工艺适宜在面积大、经济条件较差、对出水水质要求不高的平原区村庄使用;山区村庄可考虑采用厌氧生物滤池处理技术;民俗旅游村等经济条件较好、出水水质要求较高的村镇地区可考虑采用MBR工艺及一些高效组合工艺。

Treatment Methods of Rural Sewage and Analysis of Their Effects in Beijing

In order to study the characteristics and treatment effects of rural sewage and thus to choose the appropriate sewage treatment technologies,the sewage structure,water quantity,sewage discharge,and pollutant content of four typical villages in five counties of Tongzhou,Fangshan,Changping,Huairou,Miyun were investigated,and the pollutants removal rate,construction and operation costs,and cover area of six sewage treatment technologies were studied.The results showed that the sewage of Beijing rural areas is mainly composed of the kitchen sewage,washing sewage,toilet-flushing sewage,and breeding sewage.The amount of sewage emission is larger in summer than that in winter,and the sewage has a large number of different pollutants.The water quality in the fringe area is the worst whereas it is the best for the mountain area.The sewage treatment technologies of the MBR,MBR+ land infiltration,and A/O+ land treatment were suitable for the fringe area and the plain area with good economic condition.The wetland process treatment was suitable for the plain area with large cover area,relatively poor economic condition,and low demand for the effluent water quality.The anaerobic biofilter treatment can be used in the mountain area,and The MBR and other efficient combined sewage treatment technologies can be used in the folk tourism area with good economic condition and high demand for the effluent water quality.