水生生物水质基准研究进展及建立我国氨氮水质基准的探讨

水质基准是制定水质标准限值的重要依据,是科学的水质管理体系的重要组成部分。通过对国内外水生生物水质基准制定方法进行概述,综合分析了评价因子法、毒性百分数排序法、物种敏感度分布法的特点,在此基础上对基准制定方法的发展趋势进行判断。结合国外研究进展和我国实际情况,对我国氨氮水质基准的建立进行探讨,提出在不同毒性数据积累的情况下应当结合方法学特点,采用不同的方法以相对保守的方式制定我国的氨氮水质基准。

Research Progress on Water Quality Criteria for Aquatic Life and Establishment of Water Quality Criteria of Ammonia Nitrogen in China

Water quality criteria are the basis to identify the extreme value of water quality,and they are also the important components of scientific water quality management.The methods for the establishment of quality criteria for aquatic life were discussed in this paper,and the three main methods,including the assessment factor method,toxicity percentage sequencing method,and species sensitivity distribution method,for deriving the water quality criteria were compared.Based on the discussions,the development trend of water quality criteria for aquatic life was proposed.According to the international research progress on the establishment of water quality criteria and the actual conditions in China,the establishment of water quality criteria of ammonia nitrogen was discussed,and the characteristics of different methods should be considered under different toxicity data accumulations.Overall,a relatively conservative manner considering different establishment methods might be applied to establish the water quality criteria of ammonia nitrogen in China.