Assessment of the energetic and mechanical properties of pellets produced from agricultural biomass |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Agricultural Machines Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Food Engineering and Machinery, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Doswiadczalna 44, 20-236 Lublin, Poland;1. Sustainable Energy Technologies Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA;2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey;3. Electrical Distribution Design, Inc., Blacksburg, VA, USA;4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA;5. Pepco Holdings, Inc., Washington, D.C., USA;1. Power Electronics and Automation Group, Electrical Engineering Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36.036-900, Brazil;2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands;3. Electrical Engineering Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Itajubá, MG, 37.500-903, Brazil;1. College of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China;2. Department of Industrial Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;3. Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;1. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria;2. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, USA;3. University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization, USA;4. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, USA;1. Clean Energy Research Centre and Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada;2. Department of Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S3E3, Canada;3. Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea;4. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents an assessment of the energetic and mechanical properties of pellets produced from agricultural biomass. For the production of pellets the following raw materials were used: wheat straw, rape straw, and maize straw. Additionally, the mixtures of wheat-rape straw, wheat-maize straw, and rape-maize straw (each accounting for 50% of the mass) were applied. The studied resources were ground with the use of a universal shredder driven by a 7.5 kW electric engine. A pelleting machine fitted with a fixed flat matrix with two driven thickening rolls was used to produce the pellets. Analyses of the moisture and calorific value of resources as well as the bulk density and mechanical strength of pellets were performed according to biding standards. The moisture of resources ranged from 16.5% to 18.5% for rape and maize straw, respectively. The average calorific value fluctuated between 15.3 MJ kg−1 for a mixture of wheat and rape straw to 16.2 MJ kg−1 for maize straw. The bulk density and mechanical strength of pellets depended on the type of resources used. The lowest bulk density was recorded for wheat straw pellets (386–420 kg m−3), and the highest (561–572 kg m−3) for maize straw pellets. The lowest mechanical strength of pellets was noted for rape (95.4–96.8%), whereas the highest was for pellets made from a wheat and maize straw mixture (96.8–98.9%). |
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| Keywords: | Agricultural biomass Pellets Energetic and mechanical properties |
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