Role of the Microbiota in Lung Cancer: Insights on Prevention and Treatment |
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Authors: | Federica Pizzo Zaira Maroccia Ivano Hammarberg Ferri Carla Fiorentini |
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Affiliation: | 1.Association for Research on Integrative Oncology Therapies (ARTOI), Via Ludovico Micara, 73, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (I.H.F.);2.Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; |
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Abstract: | The microbiota is increasingly recognized as a critical player in cancer onset and progression and response to cancer chemotherapy treatment. In recent years, several preclinical and clinical studies have evidenced the involvement of microbiota in lung cancer, one of the world’s deadliest cancers. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiota can impact this type of cancer and patient survival and response to treatments remain poorly investigated. In this review, the peculiarities of the gut and lung microbial ecosystems have been highlighted, and recent findings illustrating the possible mechanisms underlying the microbiota–lung cancer interaction and the host immune response have been discussed. In addition, the mucosal immune system has been identified as a crucial communication frame to ease interactive dynamics between the immune system and the microbiota. Finally, the use of specific next-generation intestinal probiotic strains in counteracting airway diseases has been evaluated. We believe that restoring homeostasis and the balance of bacterial microflora should become part of the routine of integrated cancer interventions, using probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, and promoting a healthy diet and lifestyle. |
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Keywords: | lung neoplasms, lung neoplasms, prevention and control, lung neoplasms, therapy, carcinoma, non-small-cell lung, gut– lung axis, lung microbiota, gut microbiota, host– microbial interactions, mucosal tissue, immune system |
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