热梯度CVI制备大尺寸C/C复合材料的致密化行为

以整体毡为纤维增强体, 采用外壁恒温控温和内壁恒温控温两种方式, 通过热梯度化学气相渗透(TG-CVI)工艺研究了大尺寸C/C复合材料的致密化行为。结果表明, 外壁恒温控温方式制备的试样密度仅为0.64 g/cm³, 呈现出两边高中间低的特点, 热解碳结构为粗糙层与光滑层相结合。而内壁恒温控温方式制备的试样密度达到0.98 g/cm³, 致密效率相比提高了73.79%, 热解碳结构为具有优异性能的粗糙层结构, 试样内部密度分布均匀。通过与外壁恒温控温相比, 内壁恒温控温方式具有较高的温度和合适的温度梯度, 致密化行为符合理想致密化模型, 能够实现大尺寸C/C复合材料由内至外的正向密度增长, 致密均匀, 致密效率高, 且碳结构优异。

Densification Behavior of Thermal Gradient CVI of Large-scale C/C Composites

Using integral carbon felt as reinforced perform, large-scale C/C composites were prepared by thermal gradient-chemical vapor infiltration (TG-CVI) with two temperature controlling ways, namely keeping constant temperature of the inner wall or outer wall of the samples. The results indicated that, for keeping constant temperature of the outer wall, the composite density was merely 0.64 g/cm³, showing high-low-high distribution across the wall. Meanwhile, its structure comprised rough laminar and smooth laminar. For keeping constant temperature of the inner wall, the density of the sample showed evenly distribution across the wall and increased to 0.98 g/cm³, and densification efficiency was 73.79%, higher than that of the former. Under this temperature controlling way, the composite comprised only rough laminar carbon with superior properties. Compared to the outer wall temperature controlling, the composite prepared by the inner wall temperature controlling, needed higher temperature and more appropriate temperature gradient during densification, which was consistent well with the ideal densification model. Moreover, the inner wall temperature controlling way enabled the large-scale C/C composite densification from inner side to outside wall, and achieved uniform density distribution, high densification efficiency and excellent microstructure.