基于Kano-AHP-QFD的适老化换鞋座椅设计研究

目的 对老年用户换鞋行为进行分析，设计满足半自理能力老年用户需求的适老化换鞋座椅产品，提高老年人群居家养老的生活质量。方法 通过行为观察、入户观察和访谈的方式获取初步需求;利用Kano模型确定用户需求属性;采用AHP层次分析法对用户需求进行分析，获取用户需求权重排序;基于QFD质量功能配置理论建立(HOQ)质量屋模型，将用户需求转化为质量特性并计算相对重要度;采用参与式设计完成适老化换鞋座椅设计实践。结果 依据设计要素得到满足半自理能力老年人换鞋行为需求的座椅设计方案。结论 将Kano-AHP-QFD模型进行集成应用，可获取准确的用户需求，并转化为质量特征及重要度排序，以此指导适老化家具产品设计;从老年用户行为意图角度出发，细分家具应用场景，为未来适老化家具开发提供新的研究思路。

Design of Aging-appropriate Shoe Changing Seat Based on Kano-AHP-QFD

The work aims to analyze the shoe changing behavior of elderly users and design an aging-appropriate shoe changing seat that can cater to the needs of semi-self-care elderly users, thereby enhancing their quality of life at home. Initial needs were collected through behavioral observations, household observations, and interviews. The Kano model was then used to determine user need attributes. The AHP analytic hierarchy method was utilized to analyze user needs and obtain a weight ranking of these needs. Based on the QFD quality function configuration theory, the QFD model was established to translate user needs into quality characteristics and calculate their relative importance. Finally, participatory design was adopted to complete the design practice of aging-appropriate shoe changing seats. Based on the design elements, a seat design scheme that catered to the needs of elderly users with semi-self-care ability to change shoes was developed. The integrated application of the Kano-AHP-QFD model enables the acquisition of precise user needs, which can be translated into quality characteristics and importance rankings to guide the design of aging-appropriate furniture products. Moreover, by subdividing the furniture application scenarios from the perspective of the behavioral intentions of elderly users, this study provides novel research ideas for the future development of aging-appropriate furniture.