多壁纳米碳管电极电吸附脱盐性能的研究

利用透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对多壁纳米碳管形貌和晶型结构进行分析,发现多壁纳米碳管管径分布范围窄,其层间距大于高定向石墨,且随着管径的增大逐渐减小;利用多壁纳米碳管对氮气吸附实验分析其表面结构,发现其比表面积和孔容随管径的增大而减小,所形成的空隙绝大部分为中孔;将多壁纳米碳管处理后,压制成电极,组装成电吸附脱盐器,研究纳米碳管管径对电极电容和脱盐性能的影响,结果表明多壁纳米碳管管径越小,电极比电容越高,脱盐能力越强,随着中孔比表面积增大电极比电容和电极单位脱盐量均呈线性增加。

Study on the electric adsorption-desalination with multiwall carbon nanotubes electrode

The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the appearance and crystal structure of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), which showed that MWCNT had a narrow distribution size and the space between the walls was bigger than that of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and decreased with the diameter. The superficial analysis by nitrogen-adsorption showed that the specific surface area and volume of pores decreased with the diameter and most of the pores were meso-pores. MWCNT were modified and then pressed as the electrode tablets which were assembled as the electric adsorption-desalinator. The comparison of electric adsorption-capacitance and the capability of desalination offered the results: when the diameter of MWCNT decreased, the specific capacitance and the capability of desalination increased; moreover, specific capacitance and specific quantity of desalination of electrodes increased with the specific surface area of meso-pores linearly.