纳米材料在抗高温钻井液中的应用进展

纳米材料具有尺寸较小、热稳定性强等性质，使其可作为钻井液处理剂来提高钻井液的抗高温性能。抗高温钻井液用纳米材料一般采用将材料纳米化或将纳米材料与聚合物复合制得，大致可分为无机纳米材料、聚合物纳米球和纳米复合材料三类。此外，对纳米材料进行结构优化可提高其热稳定性和分散性，用于封堵岩层中纳米孔隙、降低钻井液滤失量、改善钻井液流变性和提高钻井液抗温能力。本文简要阐述高温对钻井液性能的影响，分析纳米材料在钻井液中的作用，重点介绍不同类型纳米材料在抗高温（≥150℃）钻井液中的应用，尤其是对钻井液流变性能和降滤失效果的影响。最后指出纳米材料作为钻井液处理剂未来发展应向着环保、合成工艺简化和室内与现场研究相结合等方向突破。

Progress in the application of nanomaterials in high temperature resistant drilling fluids

As drilling fluids' additives, nanomaterials with small sizes and strong thermal stability can effectively improve high temperature resistance of drilling fluids. Generally, the preparation method of nanomaterials for high temperature resistant drilling fluids can be obtained by material nanoprocess or compositing nanomaterials and polymer, and nanomaterials can be roughly divided into three categories: inorganic nanomaterials, polymer nanospheres and nanocomposites. Moreover, the thermal stability and dispersibility of nanomaterials can be improved by structural optimization, which can be used to plug nano-pores in rock formations, reduce fluid loss of drilling fluids, optimize rheological properties of drilling fluids and enhance temperature resistance of drilling fluids. This article briefly expounded upon the effect of high temperature on drilling fluid performance, analyzed the properties of nanomaterials and their role in drilling fluids, and focused on the application of different types of nanoparticles in high temperature resistant (≥150℃) drilling fluids, especially the rheological properties and filtration performance of drilling fluids. Finally, the article pointed out that the future development direction of nanomaterials as drilling fluid additives would focus on environmental protection, simplification of synthetic processes and the combination of indoor and field research.