二噁英的生成及防治研究现状

二噁英是一系列氯代芳香烃类化合物的总称，有剧毒，是世界上已知毒性最强的污染物之一。二噁英无论是对人体还是对环境都有很大的危害性，有色冶金行业、垃圾焚烧等多个领域都可生成，尤其是在垃圾焚烧领域，其生成量巨大，因此有效抑制二噁英的产生尤为重要。综述了二噁英在这些领域中不同阶段的生成机理，分析了二噁英生成所必需的条件，总结了预处理、强化燃烧过程等减少二噁英生成的方法，以及活性炭吸附、催化分解等二噁英生成后的处理手段，通过这些防治方法可有效减少二噁英的排放。控制二噁英的排放，对二噁英进行回收利用，实现绿色环保、资源循环，将是未来研究的重点。 

Research status of the generation and prevention of dioxins

Dioxins, a collective term for a series of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds with high toxicity, are one of the most toxic pollutants known in the world. They, greatly harmful to the human body and natural environment could be generated in many fields, such as nonferrous metallurgy industry and waste incineration, especially the latter one. Therefore, it is particularly important to effectively inhibit their generation. This paper reviewed their formation mechanism at different stages in these areas, analyzed the necessary conditions for their formation, and summarized the methods of reducing their formation, such as pretreatment and intensified combustion processes, as well as activated carbon adsorption and catalytic decomposition. These prevention and control means could effectively reduce their emission. Thus, how to control their emissions, recycle them to achieve environmental conservation and resource recycling would be the focus for further studies.