垃圾焚烧飞灰在污染物控制领域中的应用探讨

随着垃圾焚烧处置技术的推广和应用，垃圾焚烧飞灰产量逐年增加，传统填埋处置方式存在成本高、填埋场资源不足等问题，因此飞灰的综合利用问题广受关注。由于飞灰富含SiO₂、Al₂O₃等活性物质，在污染物的吸附脱除领域具有良好的应用前景。本文主要结合垃圾焚烧飞灰的理化特性，介绍了垃圾焚烧飞灰在不同废水废气中的污染物吸附脱除效果。综合近年来污染物脱除研究情况，着重介绍了原始飞灰和改性飞灰在重金属、磷盐、染料等污染物脱除中的应用效果、机理，指出了目前存在的主要问题，并对不同的应用工艺进行了成本分析和优缺点对比。最后提出了需要继续深入微波水热在提高飞灰吸附性的应用研究和进一步完善飞灰在污染物控制领域应用的全过程研究的建议与展望。

Application of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in the field of pollutant control

With the popularization and application of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration technology, there is an increasing generation of MSW incineration fly ash. Meanwhile, the decrease of landfill resources has drawn much attention to the comprehensive utilization of fly ash. Since fly ash is rich in active substances, such as silica and alumina, it has a good application prospect in the field of adsorption and removal of wastewater and gas pollutants. Combined with the physical and chemical characteristics of fly ash, the pollutant adsorption and removal effect of in different wastewater and waste gas are reviewed in this paper. Based on the research of pollutant removal in recent years, the application effect and mechanism of original and modified fly ash in the removal of heavy metals, phosphate, dyes and other pollutants are emphatically introduced. Meanwhile, the main existing problems of different application processes are also pointed out, and the cost analysis, relative merits are compared. Finally, suggestions and prospects are put forward for further study on the application of microwave hydrothermal technology in improving the adsorption of fly ash and the whole process research of the application of fly ash in the field of pollutant control.