内膛损伤枪管对内弹道性能和弹头出膛状态的影响研究

为研究大口径机枪内弹道性能和弹头出膛状态受内膛损伤的影响规律，探究内膛损伤导致枪管寿终的关键因素，对某12.7 mm重机枪进行了系统的寿命试验。分析获得了该枪枪管内膛损伤的主要形式及其随射弹数增加在枪管轴向的分布及演化规律，在此基础上建立了精确的不同寿命阶段内膛损伤枪管的弹-枪热力耦合有限元模型。采用Fortran子程序实现了内弹道过程与显式有限元方法的迭代数值求解，获得了12.7 mm弹头内弹道性能及出膛状态等随内膛损伤发展的变化规律，将数值模拟结果与寿命试验数据进行对比验证了弹-枪耦合模型的准确性。仿真结果表明:弹头出膛时的扰动量、转速的下降量以及表面形貌的改变量等随枪管射弹数增加而增加，在身管寿命后期表现尤为明显；弹头出膛状态的改变是导致该枪枪管寿终的主要原因。研究结果对进一步分析内膛损伤引起的弹头外弹道性能退化行为，实现从内到外完整地分析枪管寿终机理具有重要意义。

Research on the Influence of Damaged Barrel on Interior Ballistic Performances and Muzzle-leaving State of Bullet

The influence of bore damage on interior ballistic performance and muzzle-leaving state of bullet is studied, and the mechanism of how bore damage leads to the end of barrel's life is explored. The accurate thermo-mechanical coupling finite element analysis (FEA) models of barrels with bore damage at different life periods are established based on the distribution and evolution rule of bore damage obtained through systematic life tests. The changing rules of interior ballistics performances and muzzle-leaving states of 12.7 mm bullet with the evelopment in bore damage are obtained through numerical simulation which combines the interior ballistics process and the explicit finite element method through Fortran subroutines. The coupling model of bullet and gun barrel is proved to be effective by comparing the calculated results of interior ballistic parameters with experimental results. The simulated results show that the initial disturbances of bullet at muzzle, the reduction in rotational velocity and the variation in bullet's surface topography increase as the firing cycle increases, especially in barrel's later lifetime. Variation in muzzle-leaving state of bullet is the key factor for barrel's life end. Research results have important significance on further studying how bore damage degrades bullet's exterior ballistics performance and the end-of-life mechanism of barrel.