Chemical analysis and significance of heterocyclic aromatic amines |
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Authors: | J S Felton Pilar Pais Cynthia P Salmon and Mark G Knize |
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Affiliation: | (1) Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, P. O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551-9900, USA, US |
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Abstract: | Levels of known heterocyclic amines vary from undetectable in many meats sold in fast food restaurants, to over 10 ng/g for
meats prepared in restaurants that cook food to order, to hundreds of nanograms per gram for some meats cooked under certain
home or laboratory conditions. To simulate the dry reactions that seem to occur at the meat surface we developed a model system
to mimic these processes. Mixtures of free amino acids, creatinine and glucose, simulating the composition of beef or chicken,
heated at 200 °C, form eight heterocyclic amines. Besides the commonly found 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo4,5-f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo4,5-f]quinoxaline and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo4,5-b]pyridine, 2-amino-1,6-dimethylimidazo4,5-b]pyridine, 2-amino-1,5,6-trimethylimidazo4,5-b]pyridine and 2-amino-1,6-dimethylfuro3,2-e]imidazo4,5-b]pyridine were also found. The calculated risk of consumption of heterocyclic amines is determined by the dietary dose, the
extrapolation of carcinogenic potencies from rodents to humans, and the extrapolation of high rodent doses to low human exposures.
Results suggest that DNA binding is linear with dose, but that the human DNA forms more adducts per unit dose than that of
the rat. Altogether, the risk appears to be equivalent to that for many carcinogens that are regulated.
Received: 23 April 1998 |
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Keywords: | Heterocyclic amines Cancer Carcinogens |
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