淀粉改性的研究进展

淀粉作为可再生的绿色生物材料具有巨大的潜在利用价值,但原淀粉本身的不足限制了其推广应用。为了提高淀粉的性能,需要对其进行改性处理。近年来,关于淀粉改性的研究报道引起了广泛关注,淀粉被赋予越来越多的功能特性。淀粉改性后,粘接力、冻融稳定性能、吸水以及热稳定性明显提高,广泛应用于胶粘剂、食品、污水处理以及生物医药等工业生产领域。概述了目前淀粉改性研究中的多种手段,主要包括化学改性(氧化、交联、接枝共聚、酯化、醚化和复合改性)、物理改性(热液处理、微波处理、电离放射线处理、超声波处理、球磨处理和挤压处理)、酶改性三大类,并综述了其研究进展及应用,最后对改性淀粉的研究现状以及改性方向进行了分析与展望。

Recent Progress in Modification of Starch

Starch has great application potential as a renewable green biological material.However,native starch has limits in popularization and application because of its shortcomings.Modification of starch is carried out to improve its properties.In recent years,research report about starch modification has received wide attention.More and more functional properties are introduced into starch by modification.After modification,adhesion stress,freeze-thaw stability,water absorption capacity and thermal stability of starch are remarkably enhanced.The modified starch can be used for adhesive,food production,waste water treatment,as well as biomedcine industrial production field. This review highlights many current methods that have been discovered in starch modification,including chemical (oxidation,cross-linking,graft-copolymer,esterification,etherification and dual modification),physical (hydrother-mal treatment,microwave treatment,ionizing radiation treatment,ultrasonic treatment,ball milling treatment and extrusion treatment)and enzymatic modification.In this paper,a lot of research progresses and applications of starch modification are reviewed and presented.Finally,the research status of modified starch is analyzed and the future di-rection is expected.