静电纺丝纳米纤维在吸波材料中的应用

随着电子设备的迅速普及,电磁干扰和电磁污染问题随之而来,因此,高性能电磁波吸收材料的设计迫在眉睫。静电纺丝纳米纤维复合材料具有质量轻、柔性大、易加工、兼容性强等优势,有望实现吸波材料“薄、轻、宽、强”的技术要求。该文首先介绍了电磁波吸收材料的吸波原理,之后综述了静电纺丝技术在吸波材料中的研究进展,包括静电纺丝纳米纤维与金属及其氧化物、碳纳米材料与导电聚合物、过渡金属碳化物的复合以及在多层吸波材料中的应用,总结了不同种类复合材料的优缺点。最后,展望了静电纺丝纳米纤维在吸波领域的发展趋势以及应该关注的问题。

Application of electrospun nanofibers in microwave absorbing materials

With the rapid popularization of electronic equipment, the problems of electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic pollution follow, so the design of high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials is imminent. Electrospun nanofiber composites have become a research hotspot because of their unique advantages such as light weight, large flexibility, easy processing and strong compatibility. It is expected to meet the technical requirements of "thin, light, wide and strong" microwave absorbing materials. This paper first introduces the absorbing principle of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, and then summarizes the research progress of electrospinning technology in absorbing materials, including the composites of electrospun nanofibers and metals and their oxides, carbon materials and conductive polymers, carbides, as well as the applications in multilayer absorbing materials. The advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of composites are summarized. Finally, the development trend of electrospun nanofibers in the field of microwave absorption and the problems that should be paid attention to are prospected.