Numerical study of hydrogen dispersion in a fuel cell vehicle under the effect of ambient wind |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China;2. Anhui International Joint Research Center on Hydrogen Safety, Hefei, 230009, China;3. Shanghai Fire Research Institute of MEM, 601 South Zhongshan 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200032, China;1. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China;2. Department of Information Technology, Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing, 210046, China;3. Department of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States;4. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410075, China;1. Laboratory of Energetics and Thermal and Mass Transfer (LETTM), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia;2. University Institute for Industrial Thermal Systems, UMR CNRS 6595, Technopole Château Gombert, Marseille, France;1. Laboratoire d'' Energétique et des Transferts Thermique et Massique (LETTM), Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire 1060, Tunis, Tunisia;2. Institut Universitaire des Systèmes Thermiques Industriels, URM CNRS 6595, Technopole Château Gombert, Marseille, France;3. Université Libre de Tunis, Institut Polytechnique Privé (IP2), 30 Av. Khereddine Pacha 1002, Tunis, Tunisia;1. Shell Technology Centre Bangalore, Shell India Markets Private Limited, Plot No - 7, Bangalore Hardware Park, Devanahalli, Mahadeva Kodigehalli, Bangalore 562 149, Karnataka, India;2. Shell Projects and Technology, Shell Centre, York Road, London, SE1 7NA, UK;1. Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B3X5, Canada;2. Centre for Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia;1. EDF DIPNN - Direction Technique, 69007 Lyon, France;2. INSA-CVL, Univ. Orléans, PRISME, EA 4229, F18020, Bourges, France |
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| Abstract: | In the rescue of hydrogen-fueled vehicle accidents, once accidental leakage occurs and hydrogen enters the cabin, the relatively closed environment of the vehicle is prone to hydrogen accumulation. Excessive hydrogen concentration inside the vehicle cabin may cause suffocation death of injured passengers and rescue crews, or explosion risk. Based on hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) with hydrogen storage pressure 70 MPa, four different scenarios (i. with opened sunroof, ii. opened door windows, iii. opened sunroof and door windows and iv. opened sunroof, door windows and rear windshield) under the condition of accidental leakage were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. The hydrogen concentration inside the vehicle and the distribution of flammable area (>4% hydrogen mole fraction) were analyzed, considering the effect of ambient wind. The results show that in the case of convection between interior and exterior of the vehicle via the sunroof, door windows or rear windshield, the distribution of hydrogen inside the vehicle is strongly affected by the ambient wind speed. In the least risk case, ambient wind can reduce the hydrogen mole fraction in the front of the vehicle to less than 4%, however the rear of the vehicle is always within flammable risk. |
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| Keywords: | Hydrogen safety Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle Computational fluid dynamics |
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