Life cycle cost analysis: A case study of hydrogen energy application on the Orkney Islands |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark;2. Systeng Consulting, 47 Timber Bush, Edinburgh, EH6 6QH, UK;3. ITM POWER, 22 Atlas Way, Sheffield, S4 7QQ, England, UK;4. Aragón Hydrogen Foundation, Parque Tecnológico Walqa Ctra. N-330a, Km, 566 22197, Huesca, Spain;5. Hydrogen Europe, Avenue de La Toison D’Or, 56-60 1060, Brussels, Belgium;1. Industrial Process and Energy Systems Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1951, Sion, Switzerland;2. Group of Energy Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1951, Sion, Switzerland;3. Exergy Limited, The Design Hub, Technology Park, Puma Way, Coventry, CV1 2TT, United Kingdom;1. Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain;2. Clean Power Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom;3. Escuela de Ingeniería de la Industria Forestal, Agronómica y de la Bioenergía, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Universitario Duques de Soria, 42004, Soria, Spain;1. Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, Aalborg, Denmark;2. Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, Copenhagen, Denmark;1. Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering (DIAEE), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Salaria 851, Rome, Italy;2. Interdepartmental Centre for Landscape, Building, Conservation, Environment (CITERA), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Gramsci 53, Rome, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Hydrogen can compensate for the intermittent nature of some renewable energy sources and encompass the options of supplying renewables to offset the use of fossil fuels. The integrating of hydrogen application into the energy system will change the current energy market. Therefore, this paper deploys the life cycle cost analysis of hydrogen production by polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis and applications for electricity and mobility purposes. The hydrogen production process includes electricity generated from wind turbines, PEM electrolyser, hydrogen compression, storage, and distribution by H2 truck and tube trailer. The hydrogen application process includes PEM fuel cell stacks generating electricity, a H2 refuelling station supplying hydrogen, and range extender fuel cell electric vehicles (RE-FCEVs). The cost analysis is conducted from a demonstration project of green hydrogen on a remote archipelago. The methodology of life cycle cost is employed to conduct the cost of hydrogen production and application. Five scenarios are developed to compare the cost of hydrogen applications with the conventional energy sources considering CO2 emission cost. The comparisons show the cost of using hydrogen for energy purposes is still higher than the cost of using fossil fuels. The largest contributor of the cost is the electricity consumption. In the sensitivity analysis, policy supports such as feed-in tariff (FITs) could bring completive of hydrogen with fossil fuels in current energy market. |
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| Keywords: | Life cycle cost Hydrogen energy application PEM electrolyser Fuel cell stack Range extender fuel cell electric vehicle |
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