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Optimization of ionomer-free ultra-low loading Pt catalyst for anode/cathode of PEMFC via magnetron sputtering |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, 18000, Czech Republic;2. Central European Research Infrastructure Consortium, S.S. 14 - Km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy;1. Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University in Prague, V Hole?ovi?kách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic;2. Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France;1. Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Hole?ovi?kách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic;3. Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS - Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France;1. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa;2. HySA Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa;1. Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, V Hole?ovi?kách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic;2. Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France;1. Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Energy Conversion R&D Center, Central Academy of Dongfang Electric Corporation, Chengdu 611731, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;4. Beijing Sino Hydrogen Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, China |
| Abstract: | In this study, thin-film Pt catalysts with ultra-low metal loadings (ranging from 1 to 200 μg cm?2) were prepared by magnetron sputtering onto various carbon-based substrates. Performance of these catalysts acting as anode, cathode, or both electrodes in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was investigated in H2/O2 and H2/air mode. As base substrates we used standard microporous layers comprising carbon nanoparticles with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) supported on a gas diffusion layer. Some substrates were further modified by magnetron sputtering of carbon in N2 atmosphere (leading to CNx) followed by simultaneous plasma etching and cerium oxide deposition. The CNx structure exhibits higher resistance to electrochemical etching as compared to pure carbon as was determined by mass spectrometry analysis of PEMFC exhaust at different cell potentials for both sides of PEMFC. The role of platinum content and membrane thickness was investigated with the above four different combinations of ionomer-free carbon-based substrates. The results were compared with a series of benchmark electrodes made from commercially available state-of-the-art Pt/C catalysts. It was demonstrated that the platinum utilization in PEMFC with magnetron sputtered thin-film Pt electrodes can be up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than with the standard Pt/C catalysts while keeping the similar power efficiency and long-term stability. |
| Keywords: | Ionomer-free catalyst Ultra-low platinum membrane electrode assembly (MEA) Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) Magnetron sputtering Nitrogenated carbon Hydrogen |
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