Combustion characteristics of anode off-gas on the steam reforming performance |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Republic of Korea;1. College of Traffic & Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China;2. Chongqing Key Laboratory of “human-vehicle -road” Cooperation & Safety for Mountain Complex Environment, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China;1. DEN-DM2S-STMF, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, France;2. Normandie University, INSA of Rouen, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France;1. Benha University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Benha, Egypt;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt;3. Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt;4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt;1. Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;3. Center of Excellence in Environmental Catalysis and Adsorption, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;4. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | The combination of steam reforming and HT-PEMFC has been considered as a proper set up for the efficient hydrogen production. Recycling anode off-gas is energy-saving strategy, which leads to enhance the overall efficiency of the HT-PEMFC. Thus, the recycling effect of anode off-gas on steam-reforming performance needs to be further studied. This paper, therefore, investigated that the combustion of anode off-gas recycled impacts on the steam reformer, which consists of premixed-flame burner, steam reforming and water-gas shift reactors. The temperature rising of internal catalyst was affected by lower heating value of fuels when the distance between catalyst and burner is relatively short, while by the flow rate of fuels and the steam to carbon ratio when its distance is long. The concentration of carbon monoxide was the lowest at 180 °C of LTS temperature, while NG and AOG modes showed the highest thermal efficiency at LTS temperature of 220–300 °C and 270–350 °C, respectively. The optimum condition of thermal efficiency to maximize hydrogen production was determined by steam reforming rather than water gas shift reaction. It was confirmed that the condition to obtain the highest thermal efficiency is about 650 °C of steam reforming temperature, regardless of combustion fuel and carbon monoxide reduction. The difference of hydrogen yield between upper and lower values is up to 1.5 kW as electric energy with a variation of thermal efficiency. Hydrogen yield showed the linear proportion to the thermal efficiency of steam reformer, which needs to be further increased through proper thermal management. |
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| Keywords: | Steam reformer Anode off-gas Fuel distribution ratio Combustion Fuel cell |
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