Control of backfire and NOx emission reduction in a hydrogen fueled multi-cylinder spark ignition engine using cooled EGR and water injection strategies |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tobruk University, Tobruk, Libya;1. Graduate School of Sungkyunkwan University, 300, Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300, Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea;1. Engine Research Department, Environmental System Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea;3. Engine Components Research Team, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, China;2. School of Mechanical and Vehicle, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | The experimental study was carried out on a constant speed multi-cylinder spark ignition engine fueled with hydrogen. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and water injection techniques were adopted to control combustion anomalies (backfire and knocking) and reduce NOx emission at source level. The experimental tests were conducted on the engine with varied EGR rate (0%–28% by volume) and water to hydrogen ratio (WHR) (0–9.25) at 15 kW load. It was observed from the experiments that both the strategies can control backfire effectively, but water injection can effectively control backfire compared to EGR. The water injection and EGR reduce the probability of backfire occurrence and its propagation due to the increase in the requirement of minimum ignition energy (MIE) of the charge, caused mainly due to charge dilution effect, and reduction in flame speed respectively. The NOx emission was continuously reduced with increase in EGR rate and WHR, but at higher rates (of EGR and WHR), there was an issue of stability of engine operation. It was found from the experimental results that at 25% EGR, there was 57% reduction in NOx emission without drop in brake thermal efficiency whereas, with WHR of 7.5, the NOx emission was reduced by 97% without affecting the efficiency. The salient point emerging from the study is that water injection technique can control backfire with ultra-low (near zero) NOx emission without compromising the performance of the hydrogen fueled spark ignition engine. |
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| Keywords: | Hydrogen fueled spark ignition engine Backfire NOx emission Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) Water injection |
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