Supercritical water gasification of black liquor with wheat straw as the supplementary energy resource |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil;3. Núcleo de Pesquisa, Centro Universitário Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos, São João da Boa Vista, 13874-149, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Fenn Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Jandaia do Sul, 86900-000, Paraná, Brazil;1. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Energy Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Rantakatu 2, 65101 Vaasa, Finland;2. Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy;3. ENEA – Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Territorial and Production System Sustainability Department, Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1-80055 Portici, NA, Italy;4. Department of Energy (DENERG), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24-10129 Turin, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a new treatment of black liquor (BL) for both energy recovery and pollution management. To provide more energy for the pulp mill, it is proposed to use the pulping raw material as supplementary energy source because it is readily available, inexpensive and renewable. In this study, co-gasification of BL and wheat straw (WS) in supercritical water was investigated. The synergistic effect was observed in the co-gasification because the addition of wheat straw can make better use of the alkali in BL. The maximum improvement of the gasification by the synergistic effect was obtained with the mixing ratio of 1:1. The influences of the temperature (500–750 °C), reaction time (5–40 min), mixture concentration (5.0–19.1 wt%), mixing ratio (0–100%) and the wheat straw particle diameter (74–150 μm) were studied. It was found that the increase of temperature and reaction time, and the decrease of concentration and wheat straw particle size favored the gasification by improving the hydrogen production and gasification efficiency. The highest carbon gasification efficiency of 97.87% was obtained at 750 °C. Meanwhile, the H2 yield increased from 12.29 mol/kg at 500 °C to 46.02 mol/kg. This study can help to develop a distributed energy system based on SCWG of BL and raw biomass to supply energy for the pulp mill and surrounding communities. |
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| Keywords: | Supercritical water Black liquor/wheat straw mixture Co-gasification Synergistic effect |
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