On the outlook for solar thermal hydrogen production in South Africa |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Industrial Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran;2. Electrical Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran;3. Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran;1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;2. Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3122, USA;3. Macau Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China;1. School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK;2. Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa;1. TNO, Energy Transition Department (ETS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands;2. University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Science (HIMS and IAS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands;3. Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Bologna, Italy;1. College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China;2. Medical Physics Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq;3. Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran;5. Department of Industrial Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran;6. Energy Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Global warming and tightening environmental legislation is putting pressure on divesting from fossil fuel in the energy sector, with the transport sector likely to see the biggest changes. Current alternative energy sources are electric vehicles and hydrogen. Conventional hydrogen production technologies are fossil fuel based, emitting significant amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. This paper explores various ways to integrate solar thermal technologies into hydrogen production to generate carbon free hydrogen in South Africa. South Africa's abundant solar resource indicates that the country may become a significant player in the hydrogen market. However, the high capital cost associated with solar thermal energy put solar thermal hydrogen at a price disadvantage against conventional production technologies. Significant market penetration for solar thermal hydrogen is not expected within the next decade, but cost reduction due to improved manufacturing techniques and larger manufacturing volumes might close the gap in the long term. |
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| Keywords: | Solar thermal energy Hydrogen Integration |
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