Fuel processor-battery-fuel cell hybrid drivetrain for extended range operation of passenger vehicles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Graduate School, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea;1. Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA;1. 20/20 Laboratory for Fuel Cell and Green Energy RD&D, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;2. Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;3. School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, Mälardalen University, 721 23 Västerås, Sweden;4. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology/Energy Processes, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Power required to run auxiliary systems on a passenger car, such as those for air conditioning and advanced vehicle control, reduces the driving range of a vehicle equipped with a hybrid drive train. Under practical driving conditions, a significant amount of additional energy is required at low power levels compared to the rated power of the drive unit. In the present study, we consider a fuel cell-battery drive train augmented by an on-board fuel (ethanol) processor to provide the motoring power requirements of a car. Using systematic driving cycle simulations that take account of power-to-weight, energy-to-weight and power-to-efficiency factors of on-board power sources under simulated load conditions, we show that a combination of steadily-operated compact ethanol reformer, a low-power battery continuously charged by excess reformer capacity and a high-power fuel cell powered by conservatively-used hydrogen from cylinder can increase the range of hybrid fuel cell drivetrains to about 750 km. Although the overall energy consumption of the three-way hybrid is more than that of fuel cell-battery hybrid, lesser use of stored hydrogen improves the fuel economy of the hybrid drivetrain. While the system complexity is increased, long-range distressed mode operation becomes feasible with the added fuel processor. |
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| Keywords: | Hybrid fuel cell electric vehicles Fuel processors On-board hydrogen generation Batteries Driving cycles Range |
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