Microstructures of a powder metallurgy-hot-isostatically pressed super duplex stainless steel forming in industrial heat treatments |
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| Authors: | O Smuk P Nenonen H Hänninen J Liimatainen |
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| Affiliation: | (1) the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Division of Ceramics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;(2) VTT Industrial Systems, Materials and Structural Integrity, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland;(3) the Laboratory of Engineering Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, FIN-02150 TKK, Finland;(4) Metso Powdermet Oyj, FIN-33541 Tampere, Finland |
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| Abstract: | The microstructures of a powder metallurgy/hot-isostatically pressed super duplex stainless steel, designed and manufactured
for massive components of paper machines, were studied after heat treatments simulating the industrial production. It was
shown that copper precipitates in the ferrite phase as ɛ phase. Morphologically, the copper precipitates are of two types—nearly spherical particles of typical size from 30 to 50
nm, and rodlike particles 30- to 35-nm wide, and up to 700-nm long. The main observations on copper precipitation in modern
super duplex stainless steels are similar to those in low-alloy steels. Copper particles were shown to be the nucleation sites
for the formation of secondary austenite and to pin the boundaries of sigma phase. |
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