Comparison of FDS Prediction of Smoke Movement in a 10-Storey Building with Experimental Data |
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Authors: | G Hadjisophocleous Q Jia |
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Affiliation: | (1) Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada |
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Abstract: | In this study, the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model developed by National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST) is used to simulate fire tests conducted at the National Research Council of Canada (CNRC).
These tests were conducted in an experimental 10-storey tower to generate realistic smoke movement data. A full size FDS model
of the tower was developed to predict smoke movement from fires that originate on the second floor. Three propane fire tests
were modelled, and predictions of O2, CO2 concentrations and temperature on each floor are compared with the experimental data. This paper provides details of the
tests, and the numerical modelling, and discusses the comparisons between the model results and the experiments. The 10-storey
experimental tower was designed to simulate the centre core of high-rise buildings. It includes a compartment and corridor
on each floor, a stair shaft, elevator shaft and service shafts. Three propane fire tests were conducted in 2006 and 2007
to study smoke movement through the stair shaft to the upper floors of the building. The fire was set in the compartment of
the 2nd floor. Thermocouples and gas analyzers were placed on each floor to measure temperature and O2, CO2 and CO concentrations. Comparisons in the fire compartment and floor of fire show that the FDS model gives a good prediction
of temperature and O2 and CO2 concentrations. In the stair shaft and upper floors there are some small differences which are due to the effect of heat
transfer to the stairs that was not considered in the model. Overall the study demonstrates that FDS is capable of modelling
fire development and smoke movement in a high rise building for well ventilated fires. |
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Keywords: | fire safety smoke movement fire dynamics simulator (FDS) fire modelling |
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