基于数字露头的三维地质建模技术———— 以塔里木盆地一间房剖面一间房组礁滩复合体为例

传统的露头地质建模方法得到的模型为二维概念模型，不能满足当前油气生产的需要，而基于数字露头的三维地质建模技术在国外已比较成熟，但在国内尚处于起步阶段。以塔里木盆地巴楚地区一间房剖面礁滩复合体为研究对象，对其测量了 9 条测线，划分了 10 个地层单元，识别出 10 种沉积微相；实测孔隙度与渗透率资料均显示储层的发育具有明显的相控性，礁基与礁基（特粗滩）均有利于孔隙发育，台缘滩、礁坪和礁翼均次之，礁核和台内中高能滩均相对较差，而台内中低能滩和滩间海均不利于孔隙发育。利用激光雷达对露头进行扫描，得到礁滩复合体的三维激光点云图，并在其中进行地层追踪、解释及加载地质信息，建立了三维数字露头。 在 GoCAD 软件中，根据三维数字露头的地质信息，以相控储层建模的思路建立了三维沉积微相模型、孔隙度模型和渗透率模型，其清晰地展示了礁滩复合体的沉积微相、孔隙度和渗透率在三维空间中的变化情况。该模型可运用于井下，为塔中地区良里塔格组礁滩复合体储层的勘探与开发提供依据。

3D geologic modeling technology based on digital outcrop: A case study of reef-shoal body of Yijianfang Formation in Yijianfang outcrop,Tarim Basin

The 2D models which is based on the traditional outcrop modeling method are conceptual models, andthey cannot meet the production requirements at present. 3D geologic modeling technology based on digital outcrop is more advanced overseas, but it still stays in the start stage in the domestic. Taking the reef-shoal body of Yijianfang Formation in Yijianfang outcrop as an example, this paper measured nine sections, divided into ten stratigraphic units and recognized ten types of microfacies. According to the conventional petrophysical properties, it was found that the development of reservoir is controlled by microfacies, and reef base is advantageous to the development of pores, followed by platformmargin shoal, reef flat and reef frank. Reef core and moderate-high energy shoal are relatively poor, but there are almostno pores in moderate-low energy shoal and interbank sea. Used Lidar to scan the outcrop, and then constructed the digital outcrop by interpreting the stratigraphic boundary and loading the geological information in the laser point cloud. Based on facies-restrained stochastic modeling method, used GoCAD to build up 3D facies model, 3D porosity model and 3D permeability model. These models clearly reflect the distribution of microfacies, porosity and permeability in 3D space, they also can be compared with the underground and can effectively guide the exploration and development of reef-shoal reservoirs in Lianglitage Formation of Tazhong area.