A pilgrim's progress: From cognitive science to cooperative design

This paper provides a glimpse of some different theoretical frameworks and empirical methods in the author's search for theories and practices that might improve the utility and usability of computer artifacts. The essay touches on some problematic aspects of currently accepted theories and techniques in the cognitive sciences, especially in their application to the field of human-computer interaction, and mentions some alternative conceptions based on a cultural-historical approach. The intent is to widen the nature of the debate about appropriate frameworks for discussing human activities especially when we discuss design activities in the context of computer systems development. The paper concludes with some suggestions for more fruitful research directions that involve the active participation of those for whom the research is ostensibly being done, and a greater emphasis on understanding how artifact design and use are inextricably intertwined.This paper originated from a talk entitled From Cognitive Science to Cooperative Design that later appeared in rough paper form in Finnemann, N. O. (Ed.) Proceedings from the Symposium Theories and Technologies of the Information Society (Centre for Cultural Research, Aarhus University, Denmark, Sept. 1989). Some of the ideas and material in the present paper first appeared in Bannon & Bødker (in press) and Bannon (in press).