中美主要烟草品种亲源分析与烟草育种

本文分析了中美300多个烤烟,80多个晒晾烟主要育成品种的亲源关系,从中可以看出,品质与抗病育种是烟草育种的主体,由Orinoco衍生的Hicks、Virginiabrightleaf和400及后来育成的NC95、Coker139和Coker319等是烤烟品质育种和抗病育种的主体亲本;由WhiteBurley衍生的Kentucky16、Burley21和由MDRobinson育成的Maryland64、Maryland609分别是白肋烟与马里兰烟品质、抗病育种的主体亲本;烟草抗黑胫病、青枯病、根结线虫病、根黑腐病、烟草普通花叶病和野火病的抗源分别来自Florida301、TI448A、TI706、N. debnexyi、N. glutinosa和N. longiflora等原始栽培品种或野生种。美国烟草育种经历了从品质到多抗,再到综合优良性状改良的阶梯式发展过程。而我国优质、多抗育种起步较晚,仍存在品质与抗性、品质与易烤性关系研究较少,外源优良基因利用较少,遗传基础狭窄等问题,本文就近期烟草育种的目标和途径进行了初步探讨。 

Parentage Analysis of Major Tobacco Varieties and Tobacco Breeding in America and China

Parentage of major Tobacco Varieties has been analysed,which consists of morethan 300 flue-cured tobacco and 80 sun-cured or air-cured tobacco varieties developed by American and Chinese breeders.The emphasis of tobacco breeding are qualityand disease resistance.The major parents of flue--cured tobacco are NC95 1 Coker139,Coker319, which are derived from Orinoco. The major parents of sun-cured or air cured tobacco are Ky16,By21,MD64 and MD609.The resistance to black shank,bac terial wilt,root knot nematode,black root rot,TMV,and wildfire are provided byFlorida301,T1448A,TI706,N.debneyi,N.glutinosa,and N.longiflora,respective ly.American tobacco breeding has undergone three-step developing process,i.e.Quality,multiple disease resistance,and comprehensive good charactrers.However,breeding for good quality and multiple-disease-resistance in China is sted at an earlystage.There are many weak links.The present target and way of tabacco breeding inChina have also been discussed in this paper.